Cirrhosis because of malnutrition are caused by long-term nutritional deficiencies. Lead to the causes of malnutrition, in addition to individual patients because of inadequate intake, most are because of other diseases limiting food intake and absorption, such as intestinal bypass surgery.

Treatment measures

Positive nutritional supplements, high protein, low in fat can also be given intravenous nutrition for patients with cirrhosis of liver function and histological changes in the role have been improved.

Malnutrition tration Cirrhosis caused by the long-term nutritional deficiencies. Animal experiments confirmed that the simple malnutrition, especially protein, anti-fatty liver factor and the lack of B vitamins, can cause fatty liver, hepatocellular necrosis, degeneration until cirrhosis. Malnutrition may lead to cirrhosis of the mechanism are:

① the lack of cystine containing proteins, then the source of cysteine and glutathione reduced, so that the liver cells and the generation of enzyme activity affected by liver cells and therefore a variety of factors damage happened degeneration and necrosis.

② cholinergic substances are more fat in the liver neutral fat with synthetic phospholipids, so that intrahepatic fat oxidation was easy to use. If the synthesis of choline or choline by a serious lack of essential amino acids, fat will be accumulated at the liver cells become fatty liver. Fatty degeneration of liver cells can reduce the liver cells of various harmful factors of resistance, may also be due to increased cell volume extrusion and oppressed each other hepatic sinusoid, gradually causing ischemia, necrosis, fibrous tissue hyperplasia until cirrhosis.

Lead to the causes of malnutrition, in addition to individual patients because of inadequate intake, most are because of other diseases limiting food intake and absorption, such as intestinal bypass surgery.

Fatty liver is a rich man’s disease, but malnutrition can also lead to fatty liver. Reporter from the recently held National Conference on Infectious Diseases was informed that, due to malnutrition caused by the number of fatty liver is increased substantially, accounting for the total number of fatty liver in 27%.

Clinical study found that when the body can not meet the nutritional intake necessary, it will affect the apo-protein and phospholipid synthesis, resulting in insufficient lipoprotein generated. At the same time, sugar increased secretion of corticosteroids, a large number of free fat released into the blood, more than the ability to transfer lipoprotein deposition in the liver, it will lead to malnutrition, fatty liver. This disease with other causes of fatty liver as a result, light from asymptomatic, middle and severe chronic liver disease who will be converted.

Some experts point out that nowadays many of Ms. Evergo way lose weight using diet, many children enjoy being choosy food eclipse, which will give malnutrition planted the seeds, thus gradually lead to fatty liver. Therefore, to correct poor eating habits, reasonably absorb dietary changes are malnourished, the key to the prevention of fatty liver.

With obesity and other nutritional diseases of excess, like a variety of reasons due to malnutrition and nutritional imbalances can also cause fatty liver.

(1) hunger: the long-term starvation due to low blood sugar to stimulate the sympathetic hyperfunction, increased lipolysis, excess fatty acids into the blood, so blood free fatty acids caused an increase in intrahepatic fat accumulation. However, as the fasting time, other organizations, the use of fat as the main source of heat, intrahepatic fat accumulation to alleviate anti-see.

(2) high-fat diet: long-term intake of high fat diet may be due to blood chylomicrons and free fatty acids caused an increase in fatty liver. The majority of high-fat diet-induced fatty liver disease were accompanied by protein deficiency, protein, fat may increase the imbalance between fatty infiltration of liver cells.

(3) low-protein diet: lack of protein intake are caused by fatty liver, another important reason. Long-term protein - calorie malnutrition caused by inadequate intake of said malignant malnutrition, and hair in children. Children with long-term food starch mainly because of the lack of protein, albumin synthesis, plasma triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein levels, accelerated decomposition of adipose tissue blood free fatty acids increased; on the other hand, because of apolipoprotein Synthesis of obstacles, triglyceride slow release into the blood, causing substantial adipose tissue accumulation in the liver caused by fatty liver. In addition, the intake of amino acid imbalance in the food, such as the lack of synthesis of apolipoprotein essential amino acids such as arginine, threonine, high threonine, isoleucine, etc., apolipoprotein synthesis, it is not possible within the liver cells transfer of triglycerides out of the liver caused by fatty liver.

(1) time to digest because of malnutrition, abuse and normal physiological functions similar to those infants, treatment should be maintained to start feeding the original food, in no hurry to add, so as to avoid indigestion in general accordance with the situation a week after the increase in children with caloric and protein food.

(2) a second child malnutrition weak digestion, digestion and the ability to be a gradual recovery, appetite improved in the process of gradually increasing fast food proteins. The attention of salt appetite and prevent edema.

(3) three degrees of malnutrition of children with weak digestion, and accompanied by other complications. Should first of all, the original diagnosis of the disease, to wait for his condition improved to a very small amount, many meals to maintain the acid-base balance, and then gradually adjust dietary supplement of protein, so that the gradual consolidation of nutrient intake.

Questions on child nutrition at both the existence of malnutrition and nutrition exist a tendency to excess, but also quite common and more serious. These two tendencies in particular the harmful effects on children are especially deserving of attention.

All children in the growth and development process, are sufficient and required proportion of the balance of protein, fat and carbohydrate, needed to supply a wide range of vitamins and minerals, cellulose and so on.

A seemingly healthy children, not necessarily in a truly healthy, many obese infant, child malnutrition has obvious tendencies such as those with iron deficiency anemia or calcium deficiency bone dysplasia, or a vitamin deficiency disorders.

Recent ten years, children of overweight or obesity is increasing alarmingly, this is a very worrying issue. Obesity caused by a variety of health risk, it will increase the young people in the incidence of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis happen earlier. Found in those adolescent overweight population, died of a heart attack or stroke were significantly increased, while the mortality rate of these patients with the adult body weight has nothing to do. In addition, adolescent overweight people suffering from arthritis (especially the knee joint), gout, diabetes and the incidence of fractures is also higher than the average person.

Healthy nutrition comes from the foundation, while the children are concerned, it is necessary to guard against excess nutrients, but also pay attention to malnutrition. Common manifestations of malnutrition are:

1, protein deficiency: Clinical easy fatigue, often accompanied by anemia, weight loss in children, growth retardation, as well as the decline of infectious diseases, such as resistance.

2, fat, lack of: Children prone to deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamin A, vitamin D, such as the lack of.

3, sugars lack: easy to hypoglycemia in children, clinical usually fatigue, growth retardation.

4, calcium deficiencies: Children prone to osteoporosis, skeletal dysplasia teeth, some children with low calcium can occur, such as convulsions.

5, P less than: Children are often loss of appetite, clinical prone to rickets, expressed as bone and tooth development is abnormal, serious pathological fracture happened.

6, potassium deficiencies: Children often muscle weakness, severe arrhythmias can occur.

7, lack of dietary fiber: Clinical usually constipation, etc..

The traditional concept of the view that obesity is caused by excess nutrients. However, at the recent meeting of the International Symposium on maternal and child nutrition, the experts have put forward a new point of view: Obesity may also be a performance of malnutrition, some people may be obese because of the lack of a number of “micronutrient” by addressed.

Study confirmed that vitamin B6, vitamin B12, niacin and other nutrients in the decomposition of fat metabolism plays an important role; Zinc body fat content and triglyceride were negatively correlated; the body can not be separated from the transfer of energy calcium, iron, vitamin A and so on. In other words, when the body some of inadequate intake of micronutrients, it is possible to affect the body’s normal energy metabolism, so that surplus, which translated into the accumulation of fat in the body and subsequently leads to obesity. Substantial research findings have proved that in real life most of our women and children by intake of energy, has basically reached a dietary supply of standard, but the intake of micronutrients is generally inadequate and could not meet the body’s normal physiological needs, which happened obesity.

Survey shows that have a shortage of micronutrient intake has the following main reasons: First, in order to lose weight without proper diet; II are usually partial eclipse has the habit of three meals a day so that should not balanced meals, reducing the size of a particular kind of food or recipes will lead to a number of lipolysis-related deficiencies, resulting in fat and calories resolve to digest the chemical and biological processes is limited, resulting in the accumulation of body fat and fat; three are endless oral solution, the market is flooded with nutrient solution, “sweet talk” The ads make people believe, unscientific, and using them, artificially upset the balance mechanism of the body of nutrients, but also inhibits the absorption of some micronutrients; four are eating the wrong concept about fine food white, coarse food to eat increasingly less, not knowing much coarse grains, vegetables, green vegetables, dried fruits are rich in micronutrients.

Identify people always think that the sugar makes you fat. Recently, however, nutritionists believe that this same concept is wrong. If people have been eating fatty food, it can feel at ease to improve the amount of carbohydrates, and not have to worry about obesity. Nutritionists who make up a pilot, so that the person is willing to experiment by eating 500 grams of pure carbohydrate component of food, subsequent studies have shown that one of 246 grams of carbohydrates by the body to strengthen muscles, another 250 grams to protect the energy cells Only 4 grams of fat deposition layer formation. Medical scientists have observed that fat people are always fat foods than many carbohydrates.

Malnutrition prevention and treatment of excess nutrients, the key is a result of treatment, change the poor eating habits act to rectify the errors of the diet point of view, promote a balanced diet.

Every parent and hope that their children be able to clever, lively, good not only physical growth, and high IQs. But, you know, the child’s physical and mental development and fetal and infant nutritional status are closely related.

We are talking about nutrition, that is, the three major nutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrates) and minerals, water and a variety of vitamins, are indispensable. However, the main source of heat or by the three major nutrients to provide, if the energy shortage of supply, fetal and infant malnutrition occurs, the impact of children’s physical and brain development.

Brain are the material basis of mental retardation and brain There are two main cells, namely, collagen nerve cells and nerve cells, brain cell division has two peaks, the first peak period of the fetus at 10 weeks ~ 20 weeks; second peak are at 3 months after birth, after which the growth of brain cells gradually slowed down and can continue until the age of one and a half years, then life will no longer increase after brain weight was mainly due to increased cell division nerve myelin. Brain development, mainly in the earliest infancy, when the baby was born about 350 grams of brain weight, and by the end of infant up to about 1000 grams, by volume, 1-year-old infant brain has reached 60 percent of adults, when the 2-year-old was 75%, around 8 years old ~ 9-year-old could reach more than 90% of adults.

The study found that malnutrition directly affects brain development. Fetal malnutrition has not timely treatment of Health after the death of the children, brain cells can be reduced 60 percent; and normal birth weight after birth have died of malnutrition in children, brain cells can be reduced by 20% ~ 40%; Health after 2 years died of malnutrition in children of normal number of brain cells. This shows that period and nutrition on fetal brain development during infancy is very important; at a critical period of brain cells, brain tissue structure, biochemical and physiological features are the rapid development of sophisticated, non-performing to stimulate the outside world is very sensitive. Brain cell proliferation is a one-time sophisticated, if miss this chance, then no longer be able to receive compensation. If it happened at this period of malnutrition, inadequate supply of calories, protein intake will not interfere with the synthesis of proliferating cell division, a direct impact on the number of cells; go except the future even if the cause, it will be difficult to restore, which may result in permanent brain dysfunction. If the malnutrition occurred in the brain beyond the period of cell proliferation, can cause brain cells become smaller in size and brain weight of a temporary slow down, but no reduction in the number of brain cells, once an adequate supply of nutrition, brain development can achieve normal levels, can be fully restored.

Malnutrition is a chronic nutritional deficiency, children with long-term total calories, protein and a variety of deficiencies, or near normal total calorie, protein has long been insufficient. Seen mainly in infants and young children below the age of 3.

[Etiology]

① improper feeding development in children fallout chief exuberant, such as does not guarantee adequate nutrition may lead to the disease. Deficiencies found in breast milk or breast milk, artificial feeding, when to deploy properly, protein, fat supply, food supplement is not timely, sudden weaning, poor eating habits.

② the impact of various diseases because of the lack of nutritional elements resulting in sugar, fat, protein and water-salt metabolic disorders, severe cases of low organ function organizations.

[Therapy]

① treatment of various chronic diseases.

② reasonable adjustments to diet, so that the total daily calories, protein and various nutrients to meet the requirements of children with severe malnutrition must adjust eating to start from the low-calorie, usually from the day 167 ~ 250kj/kg start gradually increased, according to digestive function in children and gradually increase the absorption of calories, not to improve too quickly to avoid digestive disorders.

Malnutrition are due to lack of calories or protein due to a nutritional deficiency, it is also known as protein-energy malnutrition. Clinical characteristics of its progressive wasting or edema, subcutaneous fat reduction, weight loss or with varying degrees of multiple organ dysfunction.

1, the general therapy:

Digestive function in accordance with a gradual increase in food, as much as possible to add animal protein and vitamins to try to enhance the appetite, as far as possible for breast-feeding. Do a good job in the skin, oral hygiene, weekly measured body weight 1 -2 times a month in length measured one time.

2, causes of treatment:

Should identify the causes, treatment of the original active disease, the rapid improvement in feeding practices. Persistent diarrhea or chronic bacillary dysentery infection must be controlled, adjusting the diet, better nutrition. Have intestinal parasites in the permit condition for de-worming. Incidence of treatment for the cause at the same time, it should be noted anemia, electrolyte disturbance and other complications of treatment.

3, symptomatic treatment:

To promote digestion, improve metabolism to give a variety of enzymes (pepsin, trypsin, etc.) to help digestion. Severe malnutrition, but also may choose to use glucose, amino acids, fat emulsion such as intravenous nutrition injective relief. 